Fig. 3
From: Continuous succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes on xylose-enriched hydrolysate
Fermentation performance on DDAP-H as a function of dilution rate. Concentrations of a succinic acid, and b the major by-products acetic acid and formic acid; c the yield of succinic acid on total sugars consumed; d metabolite ratios indicating selectivity to succinic acid (Y AASA) and the route of pyruvate consumption (Y AAFA); e volumetric rate of carbohydrate consumption and succinic acid productivity. Error bars represent standard deviation and are hidden by the markers in cases where the deviation is negligible. No repeats were performed at D = 0.05 h−1