Fig. 4

Fermentation kinetics of S. cerevisiae 1308 and 1308-FLO10 during biofilm-immobilized continuous fermentation coupled with membrane separation. A glucose concentration, (B) ethanol production in the 2-L column reactor, (C) weight of ethanol after membrane separation, (D) membrane separation flux, (E) optical density (OD) at 600Â nm, (F) pH, (G) glycerol, and (H) succinic acid