Simultaneous fermentation and enzymatic biocatalysis—a useful process option?

Table 1 Comparison of Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) processes

Literature	Substrate	Pretreatment	Process	Conditions	Ethanol concentration/g L⁻¹	Percentage of theor. yield_EtOH	Productivity/g L⁻¹ h⁻¹*
[16]	Empty fruit bunch	10% NaOH, 150 °C, 30 min, 4 bar	SHF	hydrolysis: 50 °C, 150 rpm, pH 4.8 fermentation: 32 °C, 150 rpm	37.4	76.0	0.52
[16]	Empty fruit bunch	10% NaOH, 150 °C, 30 min, 4 bar	SSF	32 °C, 150 rpm, pH 4.8	47.7	97.0	1.98
[1]	Wheat straw	Steam explosion; 200 °C, 3–10 min; 3 × 30 min washing, NaOH solution at 65 °C	SHF	hydrolysis: 45 °C, 250 rpm, pH 4.8, fermentation: 37 °C, 220 rpm, pH 4.8	32.1	81.0	0.3
[1]	Wheat straw		SSF	37 °C, 220 rpm, pH 4.8	25.1	68.0	0.83
[57]	Corn stover	Wet explosion; 175 °C, 20 min; 1% NaOH, 95–100 °C, 5 h	SHF	hydrolysis: 50 °C, pH 5, 150 rpm, fermentation: 33 °C, pH 5, 150 rpm	26.8	65.3	0.16
[57]	Corn stover	Wet explosion; 175 °C, 20 min; 1% NaOH, 95–100 °C, 5 h	SSF	33 °C, pH 5, 150 rpm	28.4	69.2	0.3
[57]	Loblolly pine	Wet explosion; 175 °C, 24 min; 1% NaOH, 95–100 °C, 5 h	SHF	hydrolysis: 50 °C, 150 rpm, pH 5, fermentation: 33 °C, 150 rpm, pH	23.3	58.4	0.14
[57]	Loblolly pine	Wet explosion; 175 °C, 24 min; 1% NaOH, 95–100 °C, 5 h	SSF	3 °C, 150 rpm, pH 5	25.0	62.5	0.26
[83]	Cassava pulp	none	SHF	hydrolysis: 50 °C, 200 rpm, pH 5, fermentation: 37 °C, 200 rpm	23.5	43.1	0.14
[83]	Cassava pulp	none	SSF	37 °C, 200 rpm, pH 5	34.7	63.6	0.29

^*Productivity regarding the whole process, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation

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