Fig. 2

Analysis and validation of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes. A Modular schematic diagram of the Ehrlich pathway. B Evolutionary relationship of amino acid transporters in K. phaffii. C Changes in the transcription of SM1-4 DEGs at different time points and in the fermentation production and cell biomass of the recombinant strain 2-PE. The lowercase letters a, b, c, and d indicate significant differences as determined using Duncan’s multiple range test (P < 0.05)