Fig. 1
From: Microbial conversion of ethanol to high-value products: progress and challenges
Metabolic pathway for the convention of acetate, ethanol, and glucose to acetyl-CoA. Single steps are represented by solid lines, while multiple steps are represented by dotted lines. The involved enzymes are as follows: ACS, AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase; AK, acetate kinase; PTA, phosphotransacetylase; AdhEMut, bifunctional acetyl-CoA reductase with two amino acid mutations (A267T/E568K); ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase