The impact of the carbohydrate-binding module on how a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase modifies cellulose fibers

Table 1 Characteristics of the fiber fractions of Cell I fiber after 24 h LPMO treatment obtained using sequential and single-step dissolution methods

LPMO	Dissolution method (fraction)	Dissolution intervals	M_n (kDa)	M_w (kDa)	M_z (kDa)	Đ (M_w/M_n)	DP_w	C = O (µmol/g)
NcAA9C	A (individual layers)	0–5 min	28.2	80.8	236	2.87	498	108
		5–20 min	58.2	139	246	2.38	855	42.5
		20–60 min	104	203	304	1.95	1251	19.5
		1–2 h	137	275	428	2.01	1699	15.0
		2–4 h	198	350	528	1.76	2159	8.73
	A (Fiber core)	4–24 h^a	238	427	624	1.80	2634	1.08
	B (outer layer of increasing thickness)	0–5 min	26.3	95.3	224	3.62	588	99.9
		0–20 min	28.9	126	349	4.37	779	67.3
		0–60 min	61.6	186	355	3.01	1145	35.7
		0–2 h	78.3	246	457	3.14	1518	23.5
		0–4 h	93.8	271	479	2.89	1671	18.5
	B (complete fiber)	0–24 h^a	125	327	545	2.62	2016	14.3
	C (complete fiber)	0–24 h^b	129	314	549	2.43	1937	19.3
NcAA9C-N	A (individual layers)	0–5 min	30.1	82.9	236	2.75	511	88.7
		5–20 min	54.3	129	233	2.37	794	35.7
		20–60 min	93.1	184	276	1.98	1135	19.0
		1–3 h	156	285	420	1.82	1759	7.85
	A (fiber core)	3–24 h^a	224	386	554	1.72	2378	2.06
	B (outer layer of increasing thickness)	0–5 min	32.4	85.7	228	2.65	200	73.9
		0–20 min	48.6	124	259	2.54	762	54.4
		0–60 min	72.6	190	342	2.61	1171	26.3
		0–2 h	74.2	202	368	2.72	1245	25.5
		0–4 h	82.2	218	398	2.66	1346	23.6
	B (Complete fiber)	0–24 h^a	112	274	468	2.44	1690	16.4
	C (Complete fiber)	0–24 h^b	114	265	450	2.33	1633	16.6

Fibers were dissolved using sequential limited dissolution with intermittent filtration (denoted as ‘A’; Fig. S1A) or without separation of fiber fractions by filtration (denoted as ‘B’; Fig. S1B) or using single-step dissolution (denoted as ‘C’), as described in the Methods. The number- (M_n), weight- (M_w), and z-average (M_z) molecular weights, as well as the dispersity (Đ), degree of polymerization (DP_w), and carbonyl content (C = O), were calculated from SEC/MALLS analyses. “Dissolution intervals” refer to the time periods during which layers of fibers were partially or completely dissolved, resulting in the generation of fiber layers or the complete fiber, respectively. Data for the fiber fractions treated with LPMO for 8 h and 98 h are provided in Table S2. Data for untreated fibers are provided in Table S1. M_w and carbonyl values are plotted in Fig. 3
^aData previously published in Sulaeva et al., 2024 [42]
^bData previously published in Støpamo et al., 2024 [43]

ISSN: 2731-3654