Fig. 3

Multiple effects triggered by Tgglo3 and Tggcs1 in response to lignocellulose. a Transmission electron micrographs showing vacuoles in WT, OE-Tgglo3, and OE-Tggcs1. Shown are representatives of at least 5 images. b Intracellular levels and ratios of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH). c Confocal imaging of hyphae from WT, OE-Tgglo3, and OE-Tggcs1 after staining with DCFH-DA fluorescence probe, and bar = 6 μm. d Evaluation of the ROS content by analyzing the fluorescence intensity of WT, OE-Tgglo3, and OE-Tggcs1. e Confocal imaging of hyphae from WT, OE-Tgglo3, and OE-Tggcs1 after staining with DAPI, and bar = 6 μm. f Relative apoptosis levels of were evaluated via DNA condensation on DAPI staining in different strains. Data were calculated from at least three biological replicates, and error bars represent ± SDs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. A P value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant