Fig. 5

Tgglo3 and Tggcs1 trigger distinct cellular responses in coping with lignocellulose utilization by differentially regulating the transcriptional level of Tgatp. a Growth of different gene deletion strains during SSF. b Lignocellulase activities, including endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, and filter paper activities, of WT, ΔTghyp1, ΔTghyp2, ΔTgexp, and ΔTggtp during the fermentation process. c Hydrolase activities, including EG, CBH, XYL, and FPA of WT, ΔTgexp, and OE-Tgexp by using rice straw as the sole carbon source. EG endoglucanase, CBH cellobiohydrolase, XYL xylanase, FPA filter paper activity. d Comparison of the vacuole morphology of mycelium from WT and ΔTgexp. e Intracellular levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in WT, ΔTgexp, and OE-Tgexp. f, g Confocal imaging of hyphae from WT, ΔTgexp, and OE-Tgexp after staining with DCFH-DA an DAPI, and bar = 6 μm. h, i ROS and apoptosis assay based on the fluorescence intensity analysis. Data were calculated from at least three biological replicates, and error bars represent ± SDs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. A P value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant