Fig. 1

The in situ enrichment of lignin degrading consortia in coastal wetlands. A Location of in situ enrichment on the Zhairuoshan Island of East China Sea (122°6′14.05" E and 29°56′48.90" N). B Percentage of lignin consumed by the L6 and L18 consortia. C Bacterial abundance in the L6 and L18 consortia. The 16S rRNA gene copy in each community was monitored by qPCR. D Shannon diversity of each prokaryotic community. E PCoA profile of the L6 and L18 consortia based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities. Ellipses indicate the 95% confidence intervals, as represented by different colors. Significant differences between samples are indicated by asterisks (*p < 0.05). Data are mean ± standard deviation, n = 6 biological replicates