Fig. 5

Proposed mechanism for the reinforcement of AA on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes. a Distribution of differential proteins; b PDI activation by DHA and disulfide bond formation; c AA-mediated alteration of the redox state of copper and iron. ER Endoplasmic reticulum, GA Golgi apparatus, GSH Glutathione, GSSG Oxidized glutathione, DHA Dehydroascorbic acid, PDI Protein disulfide-isomerase tigA, PPI Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase. Red arrow, site with up-regulated protein