Fig. 2

Growth phenotypes of N. gaditana under varying concentrations of RAP. A Concentration screening of RAP. Algal cell growth was assessed under treatment concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nM. B Growth status post-RAP treatment on day 4 and day 10 after expanded culture. C Growth curves following treatment with selected RAP concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 nM. D FSC Value after treatment with varying concentrations of RAP (5, 10, 20 nM). E Chlorophyll fluorescence values following treatment with varying concentrations of RAP (5, 10, 20 nM). CK denotes the WT group without treatment, DMSO indicates the control group treated with the solvent DMSO, and D + R represents the experimental group treated with RAP (equivalent to DMSO + RAP below). ***, p-value < 0.001. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (n = 3)