Table 2 Applications and benefits of B. subtilis surface display technology in microbial cell bioprocessing
Application | Description | Key benefits | Examples | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Enzyme immobilization for industrial catalysis | Surface display of enzymes on B. subtilis cells or spores for stable and efficient catalysis | – Increased enzyme stability – Reusability of enzymes – Improved reaction efficiency | – Biofuel production (enzymes for polysaccharide breakdown) – Food and beverage processing | [39] |
Environmental applications | Surface display of enzymes or binding proteins for degrading or sequestering environmental pollutants | – Enhanced biodegradation – Direct interaction with pollutants – Sustainable cleanup | – Bioremediation – Heavy metal removal (metal-binding proteins) | |
Biosensors for monitoring bioprocesses | Display of receptors or enzymes for real-time detection of chemicals or biological signals | – Real-time monitoring – High sensitivity and specificity – Continuous feedback | – Pollutant detection in wastewater – Pathogen detection in food or bioprocesses | [77] |