Fig. 6

Mutation analysis for tolerized isolates. a Growth states of W3110K-2 at different concentrations of SA. b The count of observed Indell and SNVs mutations for all mutated genetic features of this experiment. Numbers on the x-axis, y-axis coordinates indicate the number of times a single gene has been in different types of mutations, numbers on the z-axis coordinates different mutated genes (corresponding to (d), 18 = ducA). c Effect of W3110K-2 and W3110K-4 mutant genes on cell function. d A frequency heatmap of W3110K-4 mutated genes. The gene types are systematically organized based on their associated chemical groups (illustrated by the colors in the bottom row), with the color bar in the lower left corner providing a visual representation of the number of genes exhibiting mutations in the corresponding regions for each type. The bar chart on the right illustrates the growth conditions observed 12 h post-plasmid expression in the ALE experiments, specifically corresponding to the gene mutations for each type following the knockout of the respective genes. The color column located on the far left delineates the functional categories of the genes. The ybfC mutation cannot be categorized as a general tolerance, and there is currently no functional annotation available for it on ybfC uncharacterized protein YbfC [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]—Gene—NCBI (nih.gov)