Fig. 12

Spectral editing reveals distinct carbon environments. a Representative ssNMR pulse sequences: ¹H–¹³C dipolar dephasing CP and CAS filtered CP. b Suppression of non-quaternary resonances in fungi-treated Bermuda grass, highlighting quaternary carbons. Panel adapted with permission of ref [139]. c Wood-char aromatics exhibit a more condensed arrangement compared to lignin, resulting in faster diphase decay in lignin than in wood-char. Panel adapted with permission of ref [140]. d Detecting non-protonated (quaternary) carbons in loblolly pine wood. Panel adapted with permission of ref [141]. e Lyophilized hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse contains lignin, observed through characteristic lignin resonances. Panel adapted with permission of ref [142]